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Voting Technology

Compiled by Patricia Helgerson, March 2004

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Since it was enacted in 2002, the federal Help America Vote Act (HAVA) has prompted numerous studies and some controversies. This bibliography focuses on potential benefits and problems of two new voting technologies: direct recording electronic (DRE) voting and Internet voting.

Analysis of an Electronic Voting System. Johns Hopkins University, Information Security Institute, Aviel Rubin, July 23, 2003. (324.31/J62) Electronic voting systems came under scrutiny when one vendor's source code became publicly available. This study analyzed one particular DRE voting system from an information security point of view and found it lacking in security features and quality control. www.avirubin.com/vote

California Internet Voting Task Force: A Report on the Feasibility of Internet Voting. California, Secretary of State, Internet Voting Task Force, January 2000. (324.32/C1a) Recognizing the potential security problems of an Internet voting system, the task force recommends a system that would provide an additional method of voting to be phased in gradually. An interesting distinction is made between an Internet voting machine at polling places and remote Internet voting from any Internet connection.  www.ss.ca.gov/executive/ivote/final_report.pdf

Election Reform 2004: What's Changed, What Hasn't, and Why. Election Reform Information Project, 2004. (324.1/EL22a) Electionline.org's annual report which "seeks to give readers a national overview of the scope and progress of changes to elections around the country." Visit electionline.org's website to view previous reports. www.electionline.org

Election Reform and Electronic Voting Systems (DREs): Analysis of Security Issues. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, November 4, 2003. (324.31/X3) A broader look at the security concerns regarding DREs. This report analyzes the problem, notes proposals for resolving problems, and addresses the question of who has the authority to address these concerns. The summary points out that there have been no documented cases of computer tampering in public elections.  http://epic.org/privacy/voting/crsreport.pdf

"How Does Voting Equipment Affect the Racial Gap in Voided Ballots?" Michael Tomz and Robert P. Van Houweling, American Journal of Political Science, v.47, no.1, 2003, p.46-60. (324.31/T59) An analysis of data from South Carolina and Louisiana. "This article investigates whether the black-white gap depends on the voting equipment people use." - page 46.

Internet Voting: Bringing Elections to the Desktop. PricewaterhouseCoopers Endowment for The Business of Government, February 2002. (324.32/P93) The 2000 Arizona Democratic presidential preference election was the first binding political election to include Internet voting. This study examines the results and makes recommendations for areas of future research.
www.businessofgovernment.org/pdfs/Done_Report.pdf

Point, Click, and Vote: The Future of Internet Voting. Brookings Institute, 2004. (324.32/B79) "The appeal of Internet voting is obvious in the Information Age ... The increased presence of U.S. military personnel overseas makes Internet voting potentially even more attractive. Many important questions remain, however, regarding security, access, and the impact of Internet voting on American civic life." - back cover.

Project Charter: Statewide Voter Registration System. Wisconsin State Elections Board, May 15, 2003. (324.3/W7a) Final report of an extensive study per HAVA requirements.

Report of the 21st Century Voting Commission. Georgia, Secretary of State, 21st Century Voting Commission, December 2001. (324.31/G2) A 2001 Georgia law requires a modern, uniform voting system in all counties by 2004. It also authorized a DRE pilot project. The commission overseeing this project strongly supported the acquisition and deployment of a uniform DRE system.  www.sos.state.ga.us/acrobat/21st_Century_Report.pdf

Report of the National Workshop on Internet Voting: Issues and Research Agenda. Internet Policy Institute, March 2001. (324.32/In8) "This report addresses the feasibility of different forms of Internet voting from both the technical and social science perspectives, and defines a research agenda to pursue if Internet voting is to be viable in the future." - Executive Summary.  http://news.findlaw.com/cnn/docs/voting/nsfe-voterprt.pdf

Roads to Reform: Planning for the Help America Vote Act. Election Reform Information Project, September 2003. (324.1/EL22) Includes state-by-state comparisons of voting systems, spending on voting machines, registration databases, and voter identification using tables, maps, and pie charts. www.electionline.org/site/docs/pdf/ERIPbrief903.finalrevised.pdf

Secretary of State's Ad Hoc Touch Screen Task Force: Report. California, Secretary of State, Ad Hoc Touch Screen Task Force, July 1, 2003. (324.31/C1a) In March 2002, California voters enacted the Voting Modernization Bond Act to help counties upgrade their voting equipment. Security concerns over DRE voting equipment prompted the creation of this task force to study the issues and make recommendations for improvement. www.ss.ca.gov/elections/taskforce_report_entire.pdf

A Security Analysis of the Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE). David Jefferson, et al., 2004. (324.31/Se6) Built for the U.S. Department of Defense's federal voting assistance program, SERVE will count real votes in 2004 general elections of eligible overseas voters and military personnel. http://servesecurityreport.org

Voting and Election Administration. Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, 2002 (Wisconsin Brief 02-1). (324.32/W7b) Summarizes recent Wisconsin legislation and compares various state election laws and procedures across the U.S. www.legis.wisconsin.gov/lrb/pubs/wb/02wb1.pdf

Voting: What Is, What Could Be. Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project, 2001. (324.1/C11) A collaborative project to develop new technology to prevent a recurrence of the problems in the 2000 presidential elections. Includes voter registration, polling places, absentee voting, and ballot security. www.vote.caltech.edu/Reports/july01/July01_VTP_%20Voting_Report_Entire.pdf

Wisconsin State Plan Help America Vote Act of 2002. Wisconsin State Elections Board, 2003. (324.1/W7d) Written pursuant to Section 253 (b) (1) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002. http://elections.state.wi.us/HAVA/Final%20State%20Plan.pdf

Related Web Sites

www.blackboxvoting.com - "Black Box Voting: Ballot-tampering in the 21st Century", Bev Harris with David Allen, 2003. Book that focuses on the risks of electronic voting. Text is available online.

www.calvoter.org/issues/votingtech/pub - The California Voter Foundation. Voting Technology. A "non-profit, non-partisan organization promoting and applying the responsible use of technology to improve the democratic process."

www.electionline.org - "Electionline.org: Brought to you by the Election Reform Information Project, your first stop for election reform information". Links to publications, other organizations, and government agency sites.

www.fec.gov/elections.html - Federal Election Commission, "About Elections and Voting". Scroll down to "The Administrative Structure of U.S. Elections" for information on voting systems, standards, FAQs, and usability guides.

www.fec.gov/hava/hava.htm - Federal Election Commission, "Help America Vote Act of 2002". Text of the law and related information.

www.nased.org - National Association of State Election Directors (NASED). Includes links to every state's election website.

www.serveusa.gov/public/aca.aspx - Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE). SERVE "... is a project aimed at providing uniformed services members and overseas citizens the ability to register, vote and check their status throughout the absentee voting process."

http://elections.state.wi.us - Wisconsin State Elections Board. Scroll down to "Help America Vote Act 2002 & Statewide Voter Registration Information" and "Voting Equipment".

BadgerLink: www.badgerlink.net

Search the ProQuest Newspapers and EBSCOhost magazines databases for full text articles. Suggested search technique: limit date to after January 1, 2002 and put phrases in quotes. Suggested search phrases: voter registration database, electronic voting, Internet voting, Help America Vote Act, electronic ballot, voting machines, voter identification, and voter ID.


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